Of Humans, Forests, and Belonging

A Comparative Reading of Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay’s আরণ্যক (Aranyak; Of the Forest) and Dhoniram Toto’s ধানুয়া ট াট ার কথামালা (Dhanua Totor Kothamal)

Abstract

This research explores the human-nature relationship in Aranyak
(1939) by Bibhutibhushan Bandyopadhyay and Dhanua Toto’r Kathamala
(2021) by Dhanua Toto, focusing on cultural and ethical perspectives of
environmental degradation and ecocide. Aranyak presents nature through a
romanticized lens, depicting the forest as an untouched paradise. At the same
time, Dhanua Toto'r Kathamala offers an indigenous perspective, viewing the
forest as sacred and integral to the community’s existence. Both novels critique
the destruction of forests by human activity, highlighting the consequences of
deforestation, ecocide, and human encroachment. Drawing on ecocriticism and
terrapsychology, the study analyzes how these works depict the psychological
and cultural impacts of environmental loss. The research emphasizes the ethical
imperative to recognize the spiritual and cultural significance of nature for
indigenous people. It warns against the dangers of exploiting the environment
for short-term gain. Through a comparative approach, this study underscores
the role of literature in critiquing ecological destruction and advocating for
environmental preservation.