Cultural Identity and Recognition

Ethnic Minority Rights in Bangladesh through Kymlicka’s Multiculturalism

Abstract

This paper explores the multifaceted challenges faced by ethnic
minorities in Bangladesh, emphasizing their distinct linguistic, cultural, and
social identities. These communities experience persistent ethnocultural
injustice, including discrimination by the state, internal community conflicts,
and violations of fundamental rights. Indigenous women, in particular, suffer
from layered oppression due to their gender and ethnic identity, facing both
patriarchal violence within their communities and systemic marginalization
outside. Based on Kymlicka’s Multiculturalism, this study argues that existing
human rights frameworks are inadequate to protect ethnic minority peoples in
Bangladesh, especially regarding internal displacement, language policies, and
political representation. Moreover, this paper emphasizes implementing
“Citizenship Education” in Bangladesh to foster respect for cultural diversity
and promote democratic values. It further recommends legal reforms, such as
recognizing customary land rights, ratifying international conventions, and fully
implementing the 1997 Chittagong Hill Tracts Accord. Additionally, the paper
highlights the urgent need for inclusive national policies that ensure equitable
access to education, healthcare, and political participation for ethnic minorities,
particularly women. It concludes by identifying critical areas of ethnic
minorities for further research, including community-specific challenges,
Marginalization of women based on race, class, and gender identity, and the
role of religious institutions in shaping identities.